1 安装cmake

下载链接如下https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.27.7/cmake-3.27.7-windows-x86_64.zip

解压后放到指定目录后，添加bin目录到环境变量即可。

2 mingw安装

下载链接如下(下图的x86_64-posix-sjlj)：

Download x86_64-8.1.0-release-posix-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0.7z (MinGW-w64 - for 32 and 64 bit Windows)

解压后放到指定路径，并将bin目录添加到环境变量即可。

3 opencv安装

已经安装过的可以跳过此步！

win10使用mingw安装OpenCV4.8_opencv 4.8 mingw编译好-CSDN博客

4 在vscode配置opencv

先写一个测试代码test.cpp，内容示例如下：

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    cv::Mat image = cv::imread("path/to/your/image.jpg");//绝对路径
    if (image.empty()) {
        std::cerr << "Could not open or find the image!\n";
        return -1;
    }
    cv::imshow("Display Image", image);
    cv::waitKey(0); // 等待按键
    return 0;
}

然后点击vscode左侧调试标识(小虫子)，Run and Debug ->create a lauch.json file，接下来，选择C++ （GDB/LLDB）这个选项，配置好的launch.json如下：

{

    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "C/C++: gdb Launch", // 配置名称，显示在调试配置选择器里
            "type": "cppdbg", // 调试器类型，cppdbg是C/C++的调试器类型
            "request": "launch", // 请求类型，表示启动调试器
            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            //上面这个Debugger是我自己定义的，为了方便放置生成的exe文件
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false, //这里如果为 false，则说明调试直接运行。（反之则停止）
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,//是否调用外部cmd
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "D:/Deps/mingw64/bin/gdb.exe",//自己进行设置
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": false
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "opencv4.8.0"
        }
    ]
}

然后配置tasks.json，如下：

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: g++.exe build active file",
            "command": "D:/Deps/mingw64/bin/g++.exe",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
                "-ID:/Deps/opencv-4.8.0/build/include", // 替换为你的 OpenCV 头文件路径
                "-LD:/Deps/opencv-4.8.0/build/x64/mingw/lib", // 替换为你的 OpenCV 库文件路径
                "-lopencv_world480" // 注意版本号，可能是 opencv_world480.lib 或类似名称
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "D:/Deps/mingw64/bin"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "Task generated by Debugger."
        }
    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

配置c_cpp_properties.json，内容如下：

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**",
                "D:/Deps/opencv-4.8.0/build/include", // 替换为你的 OpenCV 头文件路径
                "D:/Deps/opencv-4.8.0/build/include/opencv2" // 替换为你的 OpenCV 头文件路径
            ],
            "defines": [],
            "compilerPath": "D:/Deps/mingw64/bin/g++.exe",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++17",
            "intelliSenseMode": "${default}"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

 最后，点击调试或者运行，会生成对应的执行文件，需要提前将动态库libopencv_world480.dll拷贝到当前工作目录，如下图：